What is Trichomoniasis?

Trichomoniasis, commonly referred to as "trich," is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. It is one of the most common STIs worldwide and can affect anyone who is sexually active. Although it is treatable, untreated trichomoniasis can lead to complications for both vulva and penis owners (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2023a).

Signs and Symptoms

• Vulva Owners:

  • Vaginal discharge that is often frothy, yellow-green, and has a strong odor

  • Itching or irritation in the vaginal area

  • Painful urination and discomfort during sexual intercourse

  • Lower abdominal pain in severe cases (Mayo Clinic, 2023)

• Penis Owners:

  • Often asymptomatic, but may experience:

  • Discharge from the penis

  • Burning sensation during urination or ejaculation

  • Itching or irritation inside the penis (CDC, 2023b)

Incubation Period

The incubation period for trichomoniasis is typically 5 to 28 days after exposure, although many individuals may remain asymptomatic during this time (World Health Organization [WHO], 2023).

Transmission

Trichomoniasis is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, or oral sex. It can be spread even when an infected person does not have visible symptoms. The parasite can also survive outside the body for a short time, but it is not transmitted through toilet seats, swimming pools, or sharing towels (CDC, 2023a).

Complications of Untreated Trichomoniasis

• For Vulva Owners:

  • Increased risk of HIV infection

  • Complications during pregnancy, including preterm birth and low birth weight (CDC, 2023b)

  • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can lead to infertility (Mayo Clinic, 2023)

• For Penis Owners:

  • Increased risk of other STIs (WHO, 2023)

  • Prostatitis, an inflammation of the prostate gland

Prevention

• Consistent Use of Condoms:

  • Using condoms consistently and correctly can reduce the risk of trichomoniasis and other STIs, although they do not provide complete protection (CDC, 2023a).

• Open Communication with Sexual Partners:

  • Discussing STI testing and sexual health openly with partners can help reduce the risk of transmission and ensure informed decisions (Planned Parenthood, 2023).

• Regular Screening:

  • Regular STI screenings are recommended for sexually active individuals (CDC, 2023b).

Testing and Treatment

• Testing: Trichomoniasis can be diagnosed through laboratory tests, including a wet mount microscopy test or a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) (Mayo Clinic, 2023).

• Treatment: Trichomoniasis is easily treatable with antibiotics, such as metronidazole or tinidazole. It is essential that sexual partners are treated simultaneously to prevent reinfection (CDC, 2023a).

Note: Follow-up testing may be necessary after treatment to ensure that the infection has been cleared.

Key Takeaways

• Trichomoniasis is a common STI that can lead to significant health complications if left untreated.

• Open communication with partners and regular testing are crucial for sexual health.

• Consistent condom use and prompt treatment can significantly reduce transmission risks.

For more information on trichomoniasis prevention, symptoms, and treatment options, consult a healthcare provider or visit reliable health resources.

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023a). Trichomoniasis fact sheet. CDC. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/std/trichomonas/stdfact-trichomoniasis.htm

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023b). Testing for STIs. CDC. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/std/prevention/testing.htm

Mayo Clinic. (2023). Trichomoniasis. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/trichomoniasis/symptoms-causes/syc-20326355

Planned Parenthood. (2023). Trichomoniasis: Symptoms, causes, and treatment. Planned Parenthood. Retrieved from https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/stds-hiv-safer-sex/trichomoniasis

World Health Organization. (2023). Trichomoniasis. WHO. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/trichomoniasis